Learner self-efficacy,goal orientation,and academic achievement: exploring mediating and moderating relationships     

Toni Honicke  Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz 《高等教育研究与发展》2020,39(4):689-703

ABSTRACT

Within the context of Pintrich’s self-regulated learning model, recent reviews of the literature show that motivational factors are the strongest predictors of academic performance. Even so, gaps remain in terms of which goal orientation constructs area most strongly related to performance, and whether academic self-efficacy is involved in such relationships, either as mediator or moderator. This study addresses these gaps using a sample of 478 university students; 409 females aged 17–62 (M?=?23.28, SD?=?7.22) and 69 males, aged 18–47 (M?=?22.5, SD?=?6.31). Analyses revealed that academic self-efficacy (ASE) mediated relationships between both mastery and performance-approach goal orientation with achievement, though the mediation effect was larger for the relationship involving mastery approach goal orientation. ASE did not moderate the relationship between performance-approach goal orientation and achievement. Findings suggest teaching programmes should foster learning environments that encourage persistence and effort when learning, and consider how course delivery and feedback can enhance academic self-efficacy, regardless of the goal orientation adopted by students.  相似文献   

Interval exercise induces milder respiratory responses compared to continuous exercise     

Pierros Thomakos  Nikolaos Geladas  Ifigenia Giannopoulou  George Varouhakis  Panagiotis Behrakis 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):576-581

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to explore the respiratory response of acute interval and continuous exercise (CE) of low and high intensity. Fourteen recreational athletes (7 men and 7 women; VO₂max = 35.7 ± 6.1 mlkg^–1min^–1) performed a bout of continuous and a bout of interval exercise (IE) both consisted of 5-min cycling at low intensity [80% of the power output (W) of the predetermined gas exchange threshold (GET) (80%W_GET)] and 5-min cycling at high intensity {W_GET plus the work rate corresponding to 50% of the difference between peak power output (PPO) at oxygen uptake (VO₂max) test and the W_GET [W_GET + 0.50 Δ(PPO – W_GET)]}. CE compared to IE induced significant higher heart rate and ventilation as well as significant higher levels of mouth occlusion pressure for 0.1 s (P_0.1) (P < 0.05) during low and high intensities. Our results indicate that CE stimulates respiration more than IE when the exercise is performed at the same relative intensity.  相似文献   

急性运动降低感染风险的免疫调节机制     

陈巍  侯莉娟 《中国体育科技》2020,(5):14-20

由于新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染的肺炎疫情暴发,人们将居家运动作为提高免疫力与保持健康的重要手段,运动与免疫的关系再度受到关注。一般认为,在充分恢复的前提下进行规律的中高强度运动可提高免疫功能,而急性运动(acute exercise)可能抑制免疫功能并增加感染风险。急性运动后外周血淋巴细胞计数及功能降低、免疫球蛋白A水平分泌减少被认为是运动抑制免疫的理论基础。但目前这种独立于非运动因素影响免疫功能增加感染风险的认识受到了现有研究的挑战。急性运动可通过应激反应将淋巴细胞亚群迅速动员至循环中,运动结束后,淋巴细胞亚群又会迅速迁移至外周组织。淋巴细胞的重新分布(lymphocyte redeployment)可能是一种进化保守的免疫机制,这一过程强化了外周组织的免疫监视与调节功能,有助于提升机体抵抗感染能力。因此,从这一视角就急性运动对机会性感染风险及免疫功能影响的现状进行综述。  相似文献   

适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的影响:父母自主支持的调节效应     

董宝林  毛丽娟 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(2):11-21

目的考察适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的综合影响,检验父母自主支持的调节效应。方法修订父母社会背景调查问卷(家长报告)的自主支持分量表、中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷的个人标准和条理性分量表、因果控制点知觉量表和青少年户外运动坚持性量表,对2230名12~18岁青少年及其家长进行调查,分析适应性完美主义对青少年锻炼坚持性的间接影响。结果父母自主支持、青少年的适应性完美主义和自主动机对锻炼坚持性正向影响皆显著,分别解释了3.7%、30.3%和38.3%的变异;在适应性完美主义与青少年锻炼坚持性的影响链条上,自主动机的中介效应、父母自主支持的中介调节效应、性别的调节中介效应皆显著,三者共同的间接效应值为0.426,占总效应的77.45%。结论适应性完美主义既能直接影响青少年的锻炼坚持性,又能通过自主动机的中介而间接作用于锻炼坚持性;父母对青少年体育锻炼的自主支持能够对青少年的适应性完美主义和锻炼自主动机产生积极的调节作用;相较于女性青少年,男性青少年的锻炼自主动机更强烈、锻炼亦更具坚持性。  相似文献   

试析运动处方治疗抑郁症     

蒋书豪 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(2):143-144

本文采用文献资料法、综述法,以"运动处方""治疗""抑郁症"等为关键词,在中国知网、超星发现等文献网站,搜索相关文献,进行归纳总结。得出结论并提出建议,旨在整理出运动处方治疗抑郁症的研究现状,为今后的研究发展提供参考。  相似文献   

Unravelling the interplay of sources of self-efficacy in negotiating in role-play simulations of political decision-making: A longitudinal in-depth case study     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2020

This study contributes to current self-efficacy research in two ways. First, it responds to the need for more context- and competency-specific self-efficacy research by expanding the research field to the context of role-play simulations and focusing on the outcome of self-efficacy in negotiating. Second, aiming to investigate sources of self-efficacy and their interplay, the study addresses the need for more in-depth qualitative research by conducting a single holistic case study with a longitudinal design. Moreover, the study focuses on outcomes of an increase or decrease in self-efficacy over time. Data were collected during a four-day European Union simulation. Three data sources – diaries, interviews, and semi-structured observations and field notes – contributed to data convergence, ensuring that more than a single source of evidence supported findings. Four students were selected using maximum variation sampling. The final sample of 27 meaningful events – about the development of self-efficacy in negotiating – were selected by within-case sampling based on a set of inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by means of content analysis. Three groups of sources of self-efficacy could be defined: personal sources, social sources, and contextual sources, which encompassed and enriched the four previously hypothesized sources of self-efficacy. With regard to the interplay of sources, five main pathways could be defined. Personal sources were present in all pathways. The contribution of social sources to an increase in self-efficacy was more obvious than its role in a decrease in self-efficacy. The contribution of the contextual source to the development of self-efficacy in negotiating was generally less prominent.  相似文献   

Associations between individual and collective efficacy beliefs and students' bystander behavior     

Björn Sjögren  Robert Thornberg  Linda Wänström  Gianluca Gini 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(11):1710-1723

This study examined whether defending and passive bystanding during peer victimization episodes were associated with individual- and classroom-level efficacy to stop peer victimization. Self-report survey data were analyzed from 1,467 Swedish fourth-grade students (mean age = 10.55) from 100 classrooms in 63 schools. Multilevel analyses revealed that, when witnessing peer victimization, students more often defended victims if they were high in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms high in collective efficacy. In contrast, students were more likely to remain passive if they were low in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms low in collective efficacy. Taken together, our findings suggest that efficacy beliefs both at the individual and at the classroom level contribute to explaining variability in students' bystander behaviors, which has potential implications for prevention and intervention work.  相似文献   

The effect of exercise interventions on resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Kristen MacKenzie-Shalders  Jaimon T. Kelly  Daniel So  Vernon G. Coffey  Nuala M. Byrne 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1635-1649

ABSTRACT

The systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on RMR (kCal·day^-1) and performed a methodological assessment of indirect calorimetry protocols within the included studies. Subgroup analyses included energy/diet restriction and body composition changes. Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi – RCTs and cohort trials featuring a physical activity intervention of any form and duration excluding single exercise bouts were included. Participant exclusions included medical conditions impacting upon RMR, the elderly (≥65 years of age) or pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal women. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,017,058,503). 1669 articles were identified; 22 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 were meta-analysed. Exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise combined) did not increase resting metabolic rate (mean difference (MD): 74.6 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?13.01, 161.33], P = 0.10). While there was no effect of aerobic exercise on RMR (MD: 81.65 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?57.81, 221.10], P = 0.25), resistance exercise increased RMR compared to controls (MD: 96.17 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: 45.17, 147.16], P = 0.0002). This systematic review effectively synthesises the effect of exercise interventions on RMR in comparison to controls; despite heterogenous methodologies and high risk of bias within included studies.  相似文献   

Bilingual education through a pluri-centric approach: A case study of the effects of simultaneously learning two languages on L1 and L2 reading and writing proficiency     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2020

Language education has often been conducted based on monoglossic ideologies that keep L1 and L2 separate, a practice that receives growing criticism as out of sync with today’s multilingual globalized world. Informed by interdependence hypotheses and translanguaging theory, this research study explored the effects of a pluri-centric approach to learning L1 and L2 simultaneously. Through a bilingual intervention course with data collected from interviews, parents’ logbooks, observation field notes, questionnaires, and L1 and L2 reading and writing tests, this case study (n = 9) revealed that the approach effectively improved learners’ L1 and L2 proficiency, learning behaviour outside the classroom, self-efficacy, and confidence. Overall, the participants also perceived the bilingual course as effective, efficient, and innovative. The study provides a basis to reflect upon transferrable skills and core underlying proficiency as powerful concepts to draw upon in enhancing bilingual proficiency and effecting positive changes in learners’ behaviour and psychological well-being.  相似文献   

Acute cardiovascular responses to interval exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Kym Joanne Price  Brett Ashley Gordon  Stephen Richard Bird  Amanda Clare Benson 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):970-984

ABSTRACT

Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI ?32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI ?2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10–15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.  相似文献